Aura is three-axis stabilised with a launch mass of around 3000 kg. The Aura spacecraft is based on the Thompson Ramo Wooldridge (TRW) modular, standardised AB1200 bus design with common subsystems. TES covers a spectral range from 3.2 μm to 15.4 μm with a spatial resolution of 0.43 km x 5.3 km and a swath of 5.3 km x 8.5 km in the nadir modes.Īura is in a sun-synchronous orbit with an orbital inclination of 98.2°, an altitude of 705 km and an orbital period of 98.8 minutes. It has 3 modes, with swath width ranging from 2600 km to 725 km and along and cross-track resolution ranging from 13 km x 48 km to 13 km x 12 km. OMI is an ultraviolet and visible light imaging spectrograph which measures the solar radiation backscattered by the Earth's atmosphere and surface over wavelengths from 270 nm to 500nm.
The measurements are performed along the sub-orbital track, and resolutions vary for different parameters the typical values are 5 km cross-track, 500 km along-track, and 3 km vertical. MLS measures thermal emissions from the atmospheric limb in sub millimetre and millimetre wavelength spectral bands. HIRDLS was able to measure in the spectral range from 6 - 18 μm at a swath width of 2000 - 3000 km, however it stopped collecting data in 2008 due to a failure of the chopper unit. OMI continues the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) record for total ozone and other atmospheric parameters related to ozone chemistry and climate. OMI is a nadir-viewing wide-field-imaging spectrometer which can distinguish between aerosol tuppes, such as smoke, dust, and sulphates, and measure cloud pressure and coverage, which provides data to derive tropospheric ozone. TES employs the natural thermal emission of the surface and atmosphere, and reflected sunlight, thereby providing day-night coverage anywhere on the globe. TES is a high-resolution infrared-imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) which offers a line-width-limited discrimination of radiatively active molecular species in Earth’s lower atmosphere. HIRDLS also determines the locations of polar stratospheric clouds and cloud tops. HIRDLS is an infrared limb-scanning radiometer designed to sound the upper troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere to determine temperature, the concentrations of various gases and aerosols, including ozone, methane and water vapour. MLS also has the unique capability to measure upper tropospheric water vapour in the presence of tropical cirrus and the cirrus ice content, which are valuable measurements for diagnosing the potential for severe loss of arctic ozone.
MLS observes the faint microwave emission from rotating and vibrating molecules to measure stratospheric temperature and upper tropospheric constituents. These are: the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Aerosols, Atmospheric Humidity Fields, Cloud type, amount and cloud top temperature, Atmospheric Temperature Fields, Cloud particle properties and profile, Surface temperature (land), Ozone, Trace gases (excluding ozone)Ītmospheric specific humidity (column/profile), O3 Mole Fraction, NO2 Mole Fraction, Land surface temperature, HDO (column/profile), Cloud top height, CFC-12 (column/profile), CO2 Mole Fraction, Atmospheric temperature (column/profile), ClONO2 (column/profile), HCl (column/profile), CH4 Mole Fraction, CO Mole Fraction, Aerosol absorption optical depth (column/profile), CFC-11 (column/profile), HNO3 (column/profile), N2O (column/profile), Aerosol optical depth (column/profile), SO2 Mole Fraction, N2O5 (column/profile), ClO (column/profile), Cloud type, OH (column/profile), Cloud ice content (at cloud top), BrO (column/profile), Aerosol Extinction / Backscatter (column/profile)Ītmospheric temperature and humidity sounders, Atmospheric chemistryĪura carries four instruments to measure trace gases in the atmosphere by detecting their unique spectral signatures.
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